GNU GNUtrition

Manual Edition 0.34

GNUtrution Version 0.34, July 2026

Anton McClure Edgar Denny Ian Haywood

This is edition 0.34 of the manual for GNU GNUtrition, Version 0.34, last updated on 20 July 2026. Copyright \begin{matrix}c \\ ◯ \end{matrix} 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright \begin{matrix}c \\ ◯ \end{matrix} 2025, 2026 Anton McClure. Copyright \begin{matrix}c \\ ◯ \end{matrix} 2001 Ian Haywood

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

1 Introduction

GNU GNUtrition is free nutrition analysis software for the GNU Operating System. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is used as its source for food nutrient information. GNUtrition is maintained by Anton McClure (http://

www.ocelot.cascaded.net/~anton/) <anton@ocelot.cascaded.net> (anton@ocelot.
cascaded.net).

Please keep in mind that this documentation is currently incomplete, and some information may be missing or had since changed. These issues will be fixed in due time.

1.1 Downloading GNUtrition

GNUtrition is freely available at http://www.ocelot.cascaded.net/~anton/

gnutrition.html. It is released under the GNU General Public Licence version 3 or later. See the file COPYING for details.

1.1.1 Requirements

GNUtrition requires the following packages:

• Build-time • GNU Make

• C compiler with C99 support (e.g., GCC)

• ncurses development headers and library

• sqlite3 development headers and library

• libm (typically part of the C standard library on GNU/Linux)

• Run-time • ncurses library

• sqlite3 library

• A USDA food database (included in tarball as: food.db)

1.2 Running GNUtrition for the First Time

Simply run the command:

$gnutrition

1.2.1 Entering your Information

The profile options give you the option to enter your birthdate, your current height, your current weight, and your activity level. This is subject to change prior to GNUtrition 1.0. For example: the birthdate setting used to just be for your age in years as a number. While that was a simple system that worked with development testing, Anton changed it so that a user wouldn’t need to remember to update the recorded age every year on his/her birthday.

2 The Main Window

The main window shows you a daily budget based on USDA recommendations, along with the following options:

• s Search
• l Log
• p Profile
• q Quit

The search tool lets you search by food names and descriptions. The log lets you view foods you add, and lets you edit those entries.

3 The Noninteractive Interface

Along with the TUI mode, you can use GNUtrition in a noninteractive way as well.

Below are the options for use in this mode:

Option  Description
--search=QUERY, -s QUERY  Search for foods matching QUERY.
--info=CODE, -i CODE  Show nutrient information for the specified food code.
--log=CODE, -l CODE  Log the specified food code for the selected date.

--quantity=NUM, -n NUM

Number of servings to log (default: 1.0). Used with

                               -l.

--budget, -b  Show today’s food-group budget summary.
--calories=KCAL, -c KCAL  Set the daily calorie target (default: 2000).

--bday=YEARS, -B YEARS

Provide birth date in YYYY-MM-DD for calorie estimation.

--height=NUM, -H NUM  Provide height for calorie estimation.
--weight=NUM, -w NUM  Provide weight for calorie estimation.
--gender=f/m, -g f/m  Provide gender for calorie estimation.
--measurement=u/m, -M u/m  Provide measurement system for calorie estimation.

--activity=LEVEL, -A LEVEL

Set activity level: sedentary, light, moderate, veryactive, or extra-active.

--date=DATE, -d DATE  Set the log/budget date (default: today).
--help, -h  Display help and exit.
--version, -V  Output version information and exit.

4 The Nutrients in GNUtrition

This chapter contains some notes on the nutrients analysed by GNUtrition. They are not a definitive guide, for detailed information refer to a standard text of nutrition or dietetics.

4.1 Caveat

When Ian was researching the information for the Recommended Daily Intakes (RDIs), he found the information conflicting but incomplete, so for some nutrients there may be a European value, a US value, and a UN value. In general, he chose the US value, in the hope this will be compatible with the database.

If you know of a good reference for RDIs, we would be eager to hear from you, mail us

at gnutrition@ocelot.cascaded.net (mailto:gnutrition@ocelot.cascaded.net)

It also should be noted that RDIs are a guide to nutrition, not the definition of it. Individuals may vary from the RDIs provided for many reasons. For example, active people need more energy and protein than inactive people, and illness increases the RDIs for almost everything.

In summary, just because the program spits out a nice column of "100%", that doesn’t automatically mean you have a healthy diet. The old rules about balance and lots of green vegetables still apply, we’re afraid.

4.2 Macro nutrients

Macro nutrients constitute the bulk of the food we eat, they provide energy and chemical building-blocks for tissues.

Protein Proteins consists of long chains of [acids], page 7, to which it is broken down to in the digestive system. Much of these amino acids are reconstituted by the body to form human proteins. Human proteins are universal in the body: as enzymes they regulate chemical reactions within cells and the blood, they form tendons and ligaments which hold the body together, and they provide muscle with its ability to contract. Excess protein can be converted to sugar by the liver.

Carbohydrate consists of sugar, and chains of sugar molecules called starches. Starches are broken down in a similar manner to protein. In plants and bacteria, carbohydrates provide structure, but in animals they are used for energy.

Fat consists of fatty acids ([lipids], page 7), which are chains of carbon atoms with an acid group at the end. These fatty acids are linked in groups of three by glycerol. Once again, this structure is broken down in the gut, only to be reformed in fat cells. Some fatty acids have special functions, but mostly fat is a store of energy.

Alcohol Rightfully a drug, but its energy component, between fat and protein, can be significant in some people. There is no recommended intake for alcohol, but there are recommended maximum intakes, these being 40g a day for men and 20g a day for women.^{1}

Energy A total calculated from the above, which is expressed in both kilocalories (the traditional unit in chemistry), and kilojoules (the physicist’s unit). There is a base requirement for energy, which can be estimated by age and weight. However, muscle mass requires more energy to maintain than fat mass, so persons of the same weight can have widely different base energy requirements. In addition, active people will obviously need more energy.

Fibre is indigestible by human enzymes, and is largely excreted, or digested by bacteria in the large intestine. Nevertheless, it is very important, and often deficient in first-world diets. It dilutes toxins that build up the gut and retains water. It softens faeces and increases its volume, making bowel motions more efficient. Deficiency causes constipation, and has been linked to bowel cancer.

Water Arguably the most important nutrient, in terms of amount (two-thirds of the body), and essentiality (people die of thirst long before they starve).

4.3 Vitamins

Vitamins are cofactors – special molecules which support various biochemical reactions within the body – required only in very small amounts, and can be stored for extended periods. They are divided into two groups:

4.3.1 Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamin A is used for light-detecting chemicals in the retina of the eye, and maintaining proper skin moisture and softness. In deficiency, poor night vision, hard and rough skin, and anaemia can occur. Vitamin A is also an anti-oxidant and protects against cancer.

Vitamin D regulates calcium. Deficiency leads to rickets (soft, malformed bones) in children. With adequate sunlight, the body can make its own vitamin D, so little or none is required by the diet. It is not included in the USDA database, and so not analysed by GNUtrition.

Vitamin E is a strong anti-oxidant: it destroys cancer-causing chemicals called free radicals. No deficiency syndrome has been described.

1 according to the Drug and Alcohol Centre, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Vitamin K is used by the liver to make special proteins, which circulate in the blood. When a person is injured, these proteins help to form a clot. Intestinal bacteria can make vitamin K, however, it is also required in the diet, but in low amounts. It is not included in the database.

4.3.2 Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamin C is used in making collagen, a tough protein that provides a "glue" holding cells together. Vitamin C deficiency, known as scurvy, leads to easy bruising and bleeding, as lack of collagen weakens blood vessels. It also aids the absorption of iron, and may be an anti-oxidant. It is not a cure for the common cold.

Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine)

is used in the biochemical processes by which cells obtain energy from sugar. Deficiency causes mental disturbance, clumsiness, and double-vision, which can occur in alcoholics, and in third-world countries.

Riboflavin; Niacin; Pantothenic acid are also important in energy utilisation by cells, by forming parts of different enzymes. Niacin deficiency causes pellagra, characterised by dermatitis, diarrhoea, and dementia.

Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)

is used for processing of amino acids, deficiency causes a type of anaemia.

Folate is used for the synthesis of DNA. Deficiency leads to anaemia. In pregnant women, higher intakes protects against neural tube defects in their children.

Vitamin B-12 is also used for DNA synthesis, also leads to anaemia when deficient. Only available in animal sources, so strict vegans require supplementation.

4.4 Metals

Iron is used mainly in haemoglobin, a chemical that binds oxygen in the blood, giving it its red colour. Deficiency, more common in women, leads to mild anaemia.

Calcium is used mainly in bones, to provide mechanical strength. Low calcium intake has been linked to osteoporosis (weakening of the bones) in old people.

Selenium is essential to an anti-oxidant enzyme, which works in a similar manner to Vitamin E.

Potassium; Sodium are used to provide electrical potentials across nerve and muscle cell membranes, also to provide the necessary osmotic force in body fluids. Excess sodium was once linked to high blood pressure, but this is not emphasised today.

Magnesium is used in controlling nerve impulses, deficiency causes weakness and tremors.

Copper; Manganese; Zinc combine with specific proteins to form various different enzymes.

4.5 Amino acids

Amino acids are the breakdown products of proteins. They are divided into two groups, essential and non-essential:

Essential  Non-essential
Histidine  Glycine
Isoleucine  Glutamate
Leucine  Aspartate
Lysine  Proline
Methionine  Serine
Phenylalanine Alanine
Threonine  Tryptophan
Tryptophan  Arginine

Valine

Table: The Amino Acids

Deficiency of any of the nine leads to wasting as proteins cannot be made without them. This usually only occurs with a very monotonous vegan diet, where the chief food is a plant that does not have one or more essential amino acids. A varied vegetarian diet solves the problem.

The other amino acids can be synthesised by the liver. The liver can also interchange two pairs: cysteine and methionine, and tyrosine and phenylalanine. This means a shortage of one can be made up from the other, so long as the total requirement is met.

Amino acid supplements are of no proven benefit over proteins containing the amino acids (but are much more expensive).

4.6 Lipids

Lipids include fatty acids (breakdown products of fat) and cholesterol.

Fatty acids can be divided into three main groups: saturated^{2}, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated. With these three the key is the ratio – lots of saturated fatty acids, relative to the others leads to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).

2 ’saturation’ in this sense refers to hydrogen. Ask an organic chemist.

Their specific chemical structures are available in organic chemistry or biochemistry textbooks, in general they consists of a varying chain of carbon-atoms, with a carboxylic acid group at one end. Fatty acids are used to make certain types of hormones, as well as to store energy. Two fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linoleic acid, are essential for humans.

Omega-3, and -6 Some fatty acids are referred to as "omega-3" and "omega-6". This refers to the location of a double bond from the final (omega) carbon atom in the fatty acid. It is believed that omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil, may have beneficial health effects, but there is little hard evidence for this.

Cholesterol can be made by the liver, so there is little dietary need. When we eat cholesterol, the liver compensates by making less. Contrary to popular belief, dietary cholesterol seems to have little effect on blood-cholesterol levels, instead saturated fatty acids seem to be more important.

Phytosterols Not sure about these. May be one and the same as phyto-oestrogens, plant mimics of the female sex hormone. Intake is believed to control symptoms of menopause.

5 GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

Copyright \begin{matrix}c \\ ◯ \end{matrix} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

 https://fsf.org/

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTEX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document to the public.

A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the

Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.

C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the

publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other

copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public

permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover

Texts given in the Document’s license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item

stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included

in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in

title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

11. RELICENSING “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization. “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document. An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

        Copyright (C)  year  your name.
        Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
        under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
        or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
        with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
        Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled `  ` GNU
        Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:

          with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
          the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover Texts
          being list.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.

6 Bibliography

Robert Bateman, Hamlyn, Every Boy’s Handbook, 1960.

David Bender and Arnold Bender, Oxford, Nutrition: A reference handbook, 1997. Stephen G. Chancy, Wiley-Liss, Principles of Nutrition I & II, 1997. Textbook of Biochemistry, Edited by Thomas Devlin. Lubert Stryer, W. H. Freeman, Biochemistry, 4th ed., 1995. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Database of

Standard Reference, Release 21 (http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl), 2008.